Is it possible to have containerized pipelines in Azure Devops using a Dockerfile instead of an image name?

Azure devops supports containerized jobs. This is where the build is executed inside the a docker container of the specified image. (Not to be confused with a pipeline that builds a docker image)

But all the examples that I've seen specify an image name. For example:

container: ubuntu:18.04

Is there a way to do the same thing but by specifying a Dockerfile from the source code repository? What I want is for Azure devops to build the image based on that Dockerfile, run a container based on that image, execute the build inside the container, then stop and remove the container.